RS (reference signal) sequence generation and mapping and precoder assignment for NR (new radio)

ABSTRACT

Techniques discussed herein can facilitate RS (Reference Signal) sequence generation and mapping, and/or precoder assignment, for NR (New Radio). One example embodiment employable at a NR wireless communication device comprises processing circuitry configured to: generate one or more PN (Pseudo Noise) sequences based at least in part on an initial state of a PN generator; extract, for each PRB (Physical Resource Block) of one or more PRBs, an associated portion of an associated PN sequence of the one or more PN sequences, based at least in part on a reference subcarrier index, independent of a bandwidth part configuration and of a maximum supported number of PRBs; and generate, for each PRB of the one or more PRBs, an associated set of RS(s) for that PRB based at least in part on the extracted associated portion of the associated PN sequence for that PRB.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a National Phase entry application of InternationalPatent Application No. PCT/US2018/030873 filed May 3, 2018, which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Applications No. 62/502,372 filed May 5,2017, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR DEMODULATION REFERENCE SIGNALSEQUENCE GENERATION AND MAPPING FOR 5G NEW RADIO”, 62/520,874 filed Jun.16, 2017, entitled “SEQUENCE GENERATION FOR REFERENCE SIGNALS IN NEWRADIO (NR)”, and 62/532,837 filed Jul. 14, 2017, entitled “PRECODERASSIGNMENT FOR NEW RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS”, and is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to wireless technology, and morespecifically to techniques for generation and mapping of RS (ReferenceSignal) sequences and/or precoder assignment.

BACKGROUND

Mobile communication has evolved significantly from early voice systemsto today's highly sophisticated integrated communication platform. Thenext generation wireless communication system, 5G (or new radio (NR))will provide access to information and sharing of data anywhere, anytimeby various users and applications. NR is expected to be a unifiednetwork/system that target to meet vastly different and sometimeconflicting performance dimensions and services. Such diversemulti-dimensional requirements are driven by different services andapplications. In general, NR will evolve based on 3GPP (Third GenerationPartnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution)-Advanced with additionalpotential new Radio Access Technologies (RATs) to enrich people liveswith better, simple and seamless wireless connectivity solutions. NRwill enable everything connected by wireless and deliver fast, richcontents and services.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example user equipment (UE)useable in connection with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating example components of a device that canbe employed in accordance with various aspects discussed herein.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating example interfaces of basebandcircuitry that can be employed in accordance with various aspectsdiscussed herein.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a system employable at a UE (UserEquipment) that facilitates RS (Reference Signal) sequence generationand mapping and/or precoder assignment for NR (New Radio), according tovarious aspects described herein.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a system employable at a BS (BaseStation) that facilitates RS (Reference Signal) sequence generation andmapping and/or precoder assignment for NR (New Radio), according tovarious aspects described herein.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating mapping of a PN (Pseudo-Noise) sequenceto different PRBs (Physical Resource Blocks) for UE (UserEquipment)-specific RS (Reference Signal(s)) for different UE BWs(Bandwidths) via LTE (Long Term Evolution)-based mapping, in connectionwith various aspects discussed herein.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a first example mapping of PN sequencesand corresponding QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) symbol(s) todifferent PRB blocks, according to various aspects discussed herein.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a second example mapping of PNsequences and corresponding QPSK symbol(s) to different PRB blocks,according to various aspects discussed herein.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of short DM(Demodulation)-RS (Reference Signal) mapping for bandwidth extension,according to various aspects discussed herein.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of dual DM(Demodulation)-RS (Reference Signal) sequence mapping for bandwidthextension, according to various aspects discussed herein.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of PRG (PRB Group)assignment according to a first technique, according to various aspectsdiscussed herein.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of PRG assignment accordingto a second technique, according to various aspects discussed herein.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of DM-RS for multiple BW(Bandwidth) parts configured with different numerologies, in connectionwith various aspects discussed herein.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of symbol level basedtransmission of DM-RS, according to various aspects discussed herein.

FIG. 15 is a flow diagram of an example method employable at a NRwireless communication device that facilitates RS (Reference Signal)sequence generation and mapping for NR, according to various aspectsdiscussed herein.

FIG. 16 is a flow diagram of an example method employable at a NRwireless communication device that facilitates precoder assignment forNR, according to various aspects discussed herein.

FIG. 17 is a flow diagram of an example method employable at a NRwireless communication device that facilitates DM-RS sequence generationfor NR, according to various aspects discussed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure will now be described with reference to theattached drawing figures, wherein like reference numerals are used torefer to like elements throughout, and wherein the illustratedstructures and devices are not necessarily drawn to scale. As utilizedherein, terms “component,” “system,” “interface,” and the like areintended to refer to a computer-related entity, hardware, software(e.g., in execution), and/or firmware. For example, a component can be aprocessor (e.g., a microprocessor, a controller, or other processingdevice), a process running on a processor, a controller, an object, anexecutable, a program, a storage device, a computer, a tablet PC and/ora user equipment (e.g., mobile phone, etc.) with a processing device. Byway of illustration, an application running on a server and the servercan also be a component. One or more components can reside within aprocess, and a component can be localized on one computer and/ordistributed between two or more computers. A set of elements or a set ofother components can be described herein, in which the term “set” can beinterpreted as “one or more.”

Further, these components can execute from various computer readablestorage media having various data structures stored thereon such as witha module, for example. The components can communicate via local and/orremote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or moredata packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with anothercomponent in a local system, distributed system, and/or across anetwork, such as, the Internet, a local area network, a wide areanetwork, or similar network with other systems via the signal).

As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specificfunctionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric orelectronic circuitry, in which the electric or electronic circuitry canbe operated by a software application or a firmware application executedby one or more processors. The one or more processors can be internal orexternal to the apparatus and can execute at least a part of thesoftware or firmware application. As yet another example, a componentcan be an apparatus that provides specific functionality throughelectronic components without mechanical parts; the electroniccomponents can include one or more processors therein to executesoftware and/or firmware that confer(s), at least in part, thefunctionality of the electronic components.

Use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concretefashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to meanan inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unlessspecified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” isintended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, ifX employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs Aor B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition,the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appendedclaims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unlessspecified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singularform. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “including”, “includes”,“having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof are used in either thedetailed description and the claims, such terms are intended to beinclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.” Additionally, insituations wherein one or more numbered items are discussed (e.g., a“first X”, a “second X”, etc.), in general the one or more numbereditems may be distinct or they may be the same, although in somesituations the context may indicate that they are distinct or that theyare the same.

As used herein, the term “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, orinclude an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electroniccircuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory(shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software orfirmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitablehardware components that provide the described functionality. In someembodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functionsassociated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or moresoftware or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may includelogic, at least partially operable in hardware.

Embodiments described herein may be implemented into a system using anysuitably configured hardware and/or software. FIG. 1 illustrates anarchitecture of a system 100 of a network in accordance with someembodiments. The system 100 is shown to include a user equipment (UE)101 and a UE 102. The UEs 101 and 102 are illustrated as smartphones(e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to oneor more cellular networks), but may also comprise any mobile ornon-mobile computing device, such as Personal Data Assistants (PDAs),pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, wireless handsets, or anycomputing device including a wireless communications interface.

In some embodiments, any of the UEs 101 and 102 can comprise an Internetof Things (IoT) UE, which can comprise a network access layer designedfor low-power IoT applications utilizing short-lived UE connections. AnIoT UE can utilize technologies such as machine-to-machine (M2M) ormachine-type communications (MTC) for exchanging data with an MTC serveror device via a public land mobile network (PLMN), Proximity-BasedService (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communication, sensornetworks, or IoT networks. The M2M or MTC exchange of data may be amachine-initiated exchange of data. An IoT network describesinterconnecting IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiableembedded computing devices (within the Internet infrastructure), withshort-lived connections. The IoT UEs may execute background applications(e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate theconnections of the IoT network.

The UEs 101 and 102 may be configured to connect, e.g., communicativelycouple, with a radio access network (RAN) 110—the RAN 110 may be, forexample, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), a NextGen RAN (NG RAN), orsome other type of RAN. The UEs 101 and 102 utilize connections 103 and104, respectively, each of which comprises a physical communicationsinterface or layer (discussed in further detail below); in this example,the connections 103 and 104 are illustrated as an air interface toenable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellularcommunications protocols, such as a Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA)network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular(POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation(5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like.

In this embodiment, the UEs 101 and 102 may further directly exchangecommunication data via a ProSe interface 105. The ProSe interface 105may alternatively be referred to as a sidelink interface comprising oneor more logical channels, including but not limited to a PhysicalSidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel(PSSCH), a Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), and a PhysicalSidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH).

The UE 102 is shown to be configured to access an access point (AP) 106via connection 107. The connection 107 can comprise a local wirelessconnection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11protocol, wherein the AP 106 would comprise a wireless fidelity (WiFi®)router. In this example, the AP 106 is shown to be connected to theInternet without connecting to the core network of the wireless system(described in further detail below).

The RAN 110 can include one or more access nodes that enable theconnections 103 and 104. These access nodes (ANs) can be referred to asbase stations (BSs), NodeBs, evolved NodeBs (eNBs), next GenerationNodeBs (gNB), RAN nodes, and so forth, and can comprise ground stations(e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providingcoverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell). The RAN 110 mayinclude one or more RAN nodes for providing macrocells, e.g., macro RANnode 111, and one or more RAN nodes for providing femtocells orpicocells (e.g., cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller usercapacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells), e.g., low power(LP) RAN node 112.

Any of the RAN nodes 111 and 112 can terminate the air interfaceprotocol and can be the first point of contact for the UEs 101 and 102.In some embodiments, any of the RAN nodes 111 and 112 can fulfillvarious logical functions for the RAN 110 including, but not limited to,radio network controller (RNC) functions such as radio bearermanagement, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management anddata packet scheduling, and mobility management.

In accordance with some embodiments, the UEs 101 and 102 can beconfigured to communicate using Orthogonal Frequency-DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with any ofthe RAN nodes 111 and 112 over a multicarrier communication channel inaccordance various communication techniques, such as, but not limitedto, an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a SingleCarrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) communicationtechnique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications),although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.The OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

In some embodiments, a downlink resource grid can be used for downlinktransmissions from any of the RAN nodes 111 and 112 to the UEs 101 and102, while uplink transmissions can utilize similar techniques. The gridcan be a time-frequency grid, called a resource grid or time-frequencyresource grid, which is the physical resource in the downlink in eachslot. Such a time-frequency plane representation is a common practicefor OFDM systems, which makes it intuitive for radio resourceallocation. Each column and each row of the resource grid corresponds toone OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration ofthe resource grid in the time domain corresponds to one slot in a radioframe. The smallest time-frequency unit in a resource grid is denoted asa resource element. Each resource grid comprises a number of resourceblocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels toresource elements. Each resource block comprises a collection ofresource elements; in the frequency domain, this may represent thesmallest quantity of resources that currently can be allocated. Thereare several different physical downlink channels that are conveyed usingsuch resource blocks.

The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may carry user data andhigher-layer signaling to the UEs 101 and 102. The physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH) may carry information about the transport formatand resource allocations related to the PDSCH channel, among otherthings. It may also inform the UEs 101 and 102 about the transportformat, resource allocation, and H-ARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request)information related to the uplink shared channel. Typically, downlinkscheduling (assigning control and shared channel resource blocks to theUE 102 within a cell) may be performed at any of the RAN nodes 111 and112 based on channel quality information fed back from any of the UEs101 and 102. The downlink resource assignment information may be sent onthe PDCCH used for (e.g., assigned to) each of the UEs 101 and 102.

The PDCCH may use control channel elements (CCEs) to convey the controlinformation. Before being mapped to resource elements, the PDCCHcomplex-valued symbols may first be organized into quadruplets, whichmay then be permuted using a sub-block interleaver for rate matching.Each PDCCH may be transmitted using one or more of these CCEs, whereeach CCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elementsknown as resource element groups (REGs). Four Quadrature Phase ShiftKeying (QPSK) symbols may be mapped to each REG. The PDCCH can betransmitted using one or more CCEs, depending on the size of thedownlink control information (DCI) and the channel condition. There canbe four or more different PDCCH formats defined in LTE with differentnumbers of CCEs (e.g., aggregation level, L=1, 2, 4, 8, or 16).

Some embodiments may use concepts for resource allocation for controlchannel information that are an extension of the above-describedconcepts. For example, some embodiments may utilize an enhanced physicaldownlink control channel (EPDCCH) that uses PDCCH resources for controlinformation transmission. The EPDCCH may be transmitted using one ormore enhanced the control channel elements (ECCEs). Similar to above,each ECCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elementsknown as an enhanced resource element groups (EREGs). An ECCE may haveother numbers of EREGs in some situations.

The RAN 110 is shown to be communicatively coupled to a core network(CN) 120—via an S1 interface 113. In embodiments, the CN 120 may be anevolved packet core (EPC) network, a NextGen Packet Core (NPC) network,or some other type of CN. In this embodiment the S1 interface 113 issplit into two parts: the 51-U interface 114, which carries traffic databetween the RAN nodes 111 and 112 and the serving gateway (S-GW) 122,and the S1-mobility management entity (MME) interface 115, which is asignaling interface between the RAN nodes 111 and 112 and MMEs 121.

In this embodiment, the CN 120 comprises the MMEs 121, the S-GW 122, thePacket Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) 123, and a home subscriberserver (HSS) 124. The MMEs 121 may be similar in function to the controlplane of legacy Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) SupportNodes (SGSN). The MMEs 121 may manage mobility aspects in access such asgateway selection and tracking area list management. The HSS 124 maycomprise a database for network users, including subscription-relatedinformation to support the network entities' handling of communicationsessions. The CN 120 may comprise one or several HSSs 124, depending onthe number of mobile subscribers, on the capacity of the equipment, onthe organization of the network, etc. For example, the HSS 124 canprovide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization,naming/addressing resolution, location dependencies, etc.

The S-GW 122 may terminate the S1 interface 113 towards the RAN 110, androutes data packets between the RAN 110 and the CN 120. In addition, theS-GW 122 may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-RAN nodehandovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Otherresponsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policyenforcement.

The P-GW 123 may terminate an SGi interface toward a PDN. The P-GW 123may route data packets between the EPC network 123 and external networkssuch as a network including the application server 130 (alternativelyreferred to as application function (AF)) via an Internet Protocol (IP)interface 125. Generally, the application server 130 may be an elementoffering applications that use IP bearer resources with the core network(e.g., UMTS Packet Services (PS) domain, LTE PS data services, etc.). Inthis embodiment, the P-GW 123 is shown to be communicatively coupled toan application server 130 via an IP communications interface 125. Theapplication server 130 can also be configured to support one or morecommunication services (e.g., Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP)sessions, PTT sessions, group communication sessions, social networkingservices, etc.) for the UEs 101 and 102 via the CN 120.

The P-GW 123 may further be a node for policy enforcement and chargingdata collection. Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCRF) 126 isthe policy and charging control element of the CN 120. In a non-roamingscenario, there may be a single PCRF in the Home Public Land MobileNetwork (HPLMN) associated with a UE's Internet Protocol ConnectivityAccess Network (IP-CAN) session. In a roaming scenario with localbreakout of traffic, there may be two PCRFs associated with a UE'sIP-CAN session: a Home PCRF (H-PCRF) within a HPLMN and a Visited PCRF(V-PCRF) within a Visited Public Land Mobile Network (VPLMN). The PCRF126 may be communicatively coupled to the application server 130 via theP-GW 123. The application server 130 may signal the PCRF 126 to indicatea new service flow and select the appropriate Quality of Service (QoS)and charging parameters. The PCRF 126 may provision this rule into aPolicy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) (not shown) with theappropriate traffic flow template (TFT) and QoS class of identifier(QCI), which commences the QoS and charging as specified by theapplication server 130.

FIG. 2 illustrates example components of a device 200 in accordance withsome embodiments. In some embodiments, the device 200 may includeapplication circuitry 202, baseband circuitry 204, Radio Frequency (RF)circuitry 206, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 208, one or moreantennas 210, and power management circuitry (PMC) 212 coupled togetherat least as shown. The components of the illustrated device 200 may beincluded in a UE or a RAN node. In some embodiments, the device 200 mayinclude less elements (e.g., a RAN node may not utilize applicationcircuitry 202, and instead include a processor/controller to process IPdata received from an EPC). In some embodiments, the device 200 mayinclude additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage,display, camera, sensor, or input/output (I/O) interface. In otherembodiments, the components described below may be included in more thanone device (e.g., said circuitries may be separately included in morethan one device for Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementations).

The application circuitry 202 may include one or more applicationprocessors. For example, the application circuitry 202 may includecircuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core ormulti-core processors. The processor(s) may include any combination ofgeneral-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphicsprocessors, application processors, etc.). The processors may be coupledwith or may include memory/storage and may be configured to executeinstructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applicationsor operating systems to run on the device 200. In some embodiments,processors of application circuitry 202 may process IP data packetsreceived from an EPC.

The baseband circuitry 204 may include circuitry such as, but notlimited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. Thebaseband circuitry 204 may include one or more baseband processors orcontrol logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signalpath of the RF circuitry 206 and to generate baseband signals for atransmit signal path of the RF circuitry 206. Baseband processingcircuitry 204 may interface with the application circuitry 202 forgeneration and processing of the baseband signals and for controllingoperations of the RF circuitry 206. For example, in some embodiments,the baseband circuitry 204 may include a third generation (3G) basebandprocessor 204A, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 204B, afifth generation (5G) baseband processor 204C, or other basebandprocessor(s) 204D for other existing generations, generations indevelopment or to be developed in the future (e.g., second generation(2G), sixth generation (6G), etc.). The baseband circuitry 204 (e.g.,one or more of baseband processors 204A-D) may handle various radiocontrol functions that enable communication with one or more radionetworks via the RF circuitry 206. In other embodiments, some or all ofthe functionality of baseband processors 204A-D may be included inmodules stored in the memory 204G and executed via a Central ProcessingUnit (CPU) 204E. The radio control functions may include, but are notlimited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radiofrequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, modulation/demodulationcircuitry of the baseband circuitry 204 may include Fast-FourierTransform (FFT), precoding, or constellation mapping/demappingfunctionality. In some embodiments, encoding/decoding circuitry of thebaseband circuitry 204 may include convolution, tailbiting convolution,turbo, Viterbi, or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoderfunctionality. Embodiments of modulation/demodulation andencoder/decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and mayinclude other suitable functionality in other embodiments.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 204 may include one or moreaudio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 204F. The audio DSP(s) 204F maybe include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellationand may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments.Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in asingle chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board insome embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituentcomponents of the baseband circuitry 204 and the application circuitry202 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on achip (SOC).

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 204 may provide forcommunication compatible with one or more radio technologies. Forexample, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 204 may supportcommunication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network(EUTRAN) or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wirelesslocal area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN).Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 204 is configured to supportradio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referredto as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

RF circuitry 206 may enable communication with wireless networks usingmodulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. Invarious embodiments, the RF circuitry 206 may include switches, filters,amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wirelessnetwork. RF circuitry 206 may include a receive signal path which mayinclude circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEMcircuitry 208 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry204. RF circuitry 206 may also include a transmit signal path which mayinclude circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by thebaseband circuitry 204 and provide RF output signals to the FEMcircuitry 208 for transmission.

In some embodiments, the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 206 mayinclude mixer circuitry 206 a, amplifier circuitry 206 b and filtercircuitry 206 c. In some embodiments, the transmit signal path of the RFcircuitry 206 may include filter circuitry 206 c and mixer circuitry 206a. RF circuitry 206 may also include synthesizer circuitry 206 d forsynthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 206 a of thereceive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments,the mixer circuitry 206 a of the receive signal path may be configuredto down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 208 based onthe synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 206 d. Theamplifier circuitry 206 b may be configured to amplify thedown-converted signals and the filter circuitry 206 c may be a low-passfilter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwantedsignals from the down-converted signals to generate output basebandsignals. Output baseband signals may be provided to the basebandcircuitry 204 for further processing. In some embodiments, the outputbaseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although thisis not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 206 a of thereceive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope ofthe embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 206 a of the transmit signalpath may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on thesynthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 206 d togenerate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 208. The basebandsignals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 204 and may befiltered by filter circuitry 206 c.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 206 a of the receive signalpath and the mixer circuitry 206 a of the transmit signal path mayinclude two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadraturedownconversion and upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, themixer circuitry 206 a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry206 a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and maybe arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In someembodiments, the mixer circuitry 206 a of the receive signal path andthe mixer circuitry 206 a may be arranged for direct downconversion anddirect upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixercircuitry 206 a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 206 aof the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyneoperation.

In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input basebandsignals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of theembodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternateembodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signalsmay be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RFcircuitry 206 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) anddigital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry204 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RFcircuitry 206.

In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may beprovided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope ofthe embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 206 d may be afractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although thescope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other typesof frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizercircuitry 206 d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequencymultiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with afrequency divider.

The synthesizer circuitry 206 d may be configured to synthesize anoutput frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 206 a of the RFcircuitry 206 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. Insome embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 206 d may be a fractionalN/N+1 synthesizer.

In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltagecontrolled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. Dividercontrol input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 204 orthe applications processor 202 depending on the desired outputfrequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may bedetermined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by theapplications processor 202.

Synthesizer circuitry 206 d of the RF circuitry 206 may include adivider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phaseaccumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulusdivider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phaseaccumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured todivide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry out)to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, theDLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phasedetector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments,the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Ndequal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in thedelay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to helpensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 206 d may be configured togenerate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in otherembodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrierfrequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrierfrequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and dividercircuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency withmultiple different phases with respect to each other. In someembodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO). In someembodiments, the RF circuitry 206 may include an IQ/polar converter.

FEM circuitry 208 may include a receive signal path which may includecircuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or moreantennas 210, amplify the received signals and provide the amplifiedversions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 206 for furtherprocessing. FEM circuitry 208 may also include a transmit signal pathwhich may include circuitry configured to amplify signals fortransmission provided by the RF circuitry 206 for transmission by one ormore of the one or more antennas 210. In various embodiments, theamplification through the transmit or receive signal paths may be donesolely in the RF circuitry 206, solely in the FEM 208, or in both the RFcircuitry 206 and the FEM 208.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 208 may include a TX/RX switch toswitch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEMcircuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include an LNA toamplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RFsignals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 206). The transmitsignal path of the FEM circuitry 208 may include a power amplifier (PA)to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 206), andone or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission(e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 210).

In some embodiments, the PMC 212 may manage power provided to thebaseband circuitry 204. In particular, the PMC 212 may controlpower-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DCconversion. The PMC 212 may often be included when the device 200 iscapable of being powered by a battery, for example, when the device isincluded in a UE. The PMC 212 may increase the power conversionefficiency while providing desirable implementation size and heatdissipation characteristics.

While FIG. 2 shows the PMC 212 coupled only with the baseband circuitry204. However, in other embodiments, the PMC 212 may be additionally oralternatively coupled with, and perform similar power managementoperations for, other components such as, but not limited to,application circuitry 202, RF circuitry 206, or FEM 208.

In some embodiments, the PMC 212 may control, or otherwise be part of,various power saving mechanisms of the device 200. For example, if thedevice 200 is in an RRC_Connected state, where it is still connected tothe RAN node as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may entera state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period ofinactivity. During this state, the device 200 may power down for briefintervals of time and thus save power.

If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time,then the device 200 may transition off to an RRC_Idle state, where itdisconnects from the network and does not perform operations such aschannel quality feedback, handover, etc. The device 200 goes into a verylow power state and it performs paging where again it periodically wakesup to listen to the network and then powers down again. The device 200may not receive data in this state, in order to receive data, it musttransition back to RRC_Connected state.

An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable tothe network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging fromseconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is totallyunreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sentduring this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay isacceptable.

Processors of the application circuitry 202 and processors of thebaseband circuitry 204 may be used to execute elements of one or moreinstances of a protocol stack. For example, processors of the basebandcircuitry 204, alone or in combination, may be used execute Layer 3,Layer 2, or Layer 1 functionality, while processors of the applicationcircuitry 204 may utilize data (e.g., packet data) received from theselayers and further execute Layer 4 functionality (e.g., transmissioncommunication protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) layers).As referred to herein, Layer 3 may comprise a radio resource control(RRC) layer, described in further detail below. As referred to herein,Layer 2 may comprise a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio linkcontrol (RLC) layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)layer, described in further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 1may comprise a physical (PHY) layer of a UE/RAN node, described infurther detail below.

FIG. 3 illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry inaccordance with some embodiments. As discussed above, the basebandcircuitry 204 of FIG. 2 may comprise processors 204A-204E and a memory204G utilized by said processors. Each of the processors 204A-204E mayinclude a memory interface, 304A-304E, respectively, to send/receivedata to/from the memory 204G.

The baseband circuitry 204 may further include one or more interfaces tocommunicatively couple to other circuitries/devices, such as a memoryinterface 312 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from memoryexternal to the baseband circuitry 204), an application circuitryinterface 314 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from theapplication circuitry 202 of FIG. 2), an RF circuitry interface 316(e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from RF circuitry 206 ofFIG. 2), a wireless hardware connectivity interface 318 (e.g., aninterface to send/receive data to/from Near Field Communication (NFC)components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi®components, and other communication components), and a power managementinterface 320 (e.g., an interface to send/receive power or controlsignals to/from the PMC 212).

Referring to FIG. 4, illustrated is a block diagram of a system 400employable at a UE (User Equipment) that facilitates RS (ReferenceSignal) sequence generation and mapping and/or precoder assignment forNR (New Radio), according to various aspects described herein. System400 can include one or more processors 410 (e.g., one or more basebandprocessors such as one or more of the baseband processors discussed inconnection with FIG. 2 and/or FIG. 3) comprising processing circuitryand associated interface(s) (e.g., one or more interface(s) discussed inconnection with FIG. 3), transceiver circuitry 420 (e.g., comprisingpart or all of RF circuitry 206, which can comprise transmittercircuitry (e.g., associated with one or more transmit chains) and/orreceiver circuitry (e.g., associated with one or more receive chains)that can employ common circuit elements, distinct circuit elements, or acombination thereof), and a memory 430 (which can comprise any of avariety of storage mediums and can store instructions and/or dataassociated with one or more of processor(s) 410 or transceiver circuitry420). In various aspects, system 400 can be included within a userequipment (UE). As described in greater detail below, system 400 canfacilitate one or more aspects discussed below in connection withprecoder assignment and/or RS sequence generation and mapping for NR.

In various aspects discussed herein, signals and/or messages can begenerated and output for transmission, and/or transmitted messages canbe received and processed. Depending on the type of signal or messagegenerated, outputting for transmission (e.g., by processor(s) 410,processor(s) 510, etc.) can comprise one or more of the following:generating a set of associated bits that indicate the content of thesignal or message, coding (e.g., which can include adding a cyclicredundancy check (CRC) and/or coding via one or more of turbo code, lowdensity parity-check (LDPC) code, tailbiting convolution code (TBCC),etc.), scrambling (e.g., based on a scrambling seed), modulating (e.g.,via one of binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shiftkeying (QPSK), or some form of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM),etc.), and/or resource mapping (e.g., to a scheduled set of resources,to a set of time and frequency resources granted for uplinktransmission, etc.). Depending on the type of received signal ormessage, processing (e.g., by processor(s) 410, processor(s) 510, etc.)can comprise one or more of: identifying physical resources associatedwith the signal/message, detecting the signal/message, resource elementgroup deinterleaving, demodulation, descrambling, and/or decoding.

Referring to FIG. 5, illustrated is a block diagram of a system 500employable at a BS (Base Station) that facilitates RS (Reference Signal)sequence generation and mapping and/or precoder assignment for NR (NewRadio), according to various aspects described herein. System 500 caninclude one or more processors 510 (e.g., one or more basebandprocessors such as one or more of the baseband processors discussed inconnection with FIG. 2 and/or FIG. 3) comprising processing circuitryand associated interface(s) (e.g., one or more interface(s) discussed inconnection with FIG. 3), communication circuitry 520 (e.g., which cancomprise circuitry for one or more wired (e.g., X2, etc.) connectionsand/or part or all of RF circuitry 206, which can comprise one or moreof transmitter circuitry (e.g., associated with one or more transmitchains) or receiver circuitry (e.g., associated with one or more receivechains), wherein the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry canemploy common circuit elements, distinct circuit elements, or acombination thereof), and memory 530 (which can comprise any of avariety of storage mediums and can store instructions and/or dataassociated with one or more of processor(s) 510 or communicationcircuitry 520). In various aspects, system 500 can be included within anEvolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node B(Evolved Node B, eNodeB, or eNB), next generation Node B (gNodeB or gNB)or other base station or TRP (Transmit/Receive Point) in a wirelesscommunications network. In some aspects, the processor(s) 510,communication circuitry 520, and the memory 530 can be included in asingle device, while in other aspects, they can be included in differentdevices, such as part of a distributed architecture. As described ingreater detail below, system 500 can facilitate one or more aspectsdiscussed below in connection with precoder assignment and/or RSsequence generation and mapping for NR.

Sequence Generation for Reference Signals in New Radio (NR)

LTE (Long Term Evolution) supports multiple reference signals in DL(Downlink), which are QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulatedusing pseudo random Gold sequence c(n), which is obtained by combiningthe two M-sequences x₁ and x₂ of length 31 as described in 3GPP (ThirdGeneration Partnership Project) TS (Technical Specification) 36.211. Theoutput sequence c(n) of length M_(PN), where n=0, 1, . . . , M_(PN)−1,is defined by equations (1)-(3):c(n)=(x ₁(n+N _(c))+x ₂(n+N _(c)))mod 2  (1)x ₁(n+31)=(x ₁(n+3)+x ₁(n))mod 2  (2)x ₂(n+31)=(x ₂(n+3)+x ₂(n+2)+x ₂(n+1)+x ₂(n))mod 2  (3),where N_(c)=1600 and the first m-sequence can be initialized withx₁(0)=1, x₁(n)=0, n=1, 2, . . . , 30. The initialization of the secondm-sequence is denoted by c_(init)=Σ_(i=0) ³⁰x₂(i)·2^(i), with the valuedepending on the application of the sequence.

For UE-specific reference signals (e.g., demodulation reference signal(DM-RS)) with antenna ports p=7, p=8 or p=7, 8, . . . , v+6 anotherprocedure is used. In particular, for a given physical resource block(PRB) with frequency-domain index n_(PRB) assigned for the correspondingPDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) transmission, a part of thereference signal sequence r(m) is mapped (e.g., via processor(s) 510 andtransceiver circuitry 520) to complex-valued modulation symbols a_(k,l)^((p)) in a subframe according to the following rule (for normal CP(Cyclic Prefix)) in equation (4):

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{79mu}{{{a_{k,l}^{(p)} = {{w_{p}\left( l^{\prime} \right)} \cdot {r\left( {{3 \cdot l^{\prime} \cdot N_{RB}^{{m\;{ax}},{DL}}} + {3 \cdot n_{PRB}} + m^{\prime}} \right)}}}\mspace{79mu}{where}\mspace{85mu}{w_{p}(i)}} = \left\{ {{\begin{matrix}{{\overset{\_}{w}}_{p}(i)} & {{\left( {m^{\prime} + n_{PRB}} \right)\;{mod}\; 2} = 0} \\{{\overset{\_}{w}}_{p}\left( {3 - i} \right)} & {{\left( {m^{\prime} + n_{PRB}} \right)\;{mod}\; 2} = 1}\end{matrix}\mspace{85mu} k} = {{{5m^{\prime}} + {N_{sc}^{RB}n_{PRB}} + {k^{\prime} k^{\prime}}} = \left\{ {{\begin{matrix}1 & {p \in \left\{ {7,8,11,13} \right\}} \\0 & {p \in \left\{ {9,10,12,14} \right\}}\end{matrix}l} = \left\{ {{\begin{matrix}{{l^{\prime}{mod}\; 2} + 2} & \begin{matrix}{{if}\mspace{14mu}{in}\mspace{14mu} a\mspace{14mu}{special}\mspace{14mu}{subframe}\mspace{14mu}{with}} \\{{{configuration}\mspace{14mu} 3},4,{8\mspace{14mu}{or}\mspace{14mu} 9\mspace{14mu}\left( {{see}\mspace{14mu}{Table}\mspace{14mu}\text{4.2-1}} \right)}}\end{matrix} \\{{l^{\prime}{mod}\; 2} + 2 + {3\left\lfloor {l^{\prime}/2} \right\rfloor}} & \begin{matrix}\text{if in a special subframe with configuration} \\\text{1, 2, 6, or 7 (see Table 4.2-1)}\end{matrix} \\{{l^{\prime}{mod}\; 2} + 5} & \text{if not in a special subframe}\end{matrix}l^{\prime}} = \left\{ {{{\begin{matrix}{0,1,2,3} & \begin{matrix}{\text{if}n_{s}\text{mod2 = 0 and in a special subframe with}} \\\text{configuration 1, 2, 6, or 7 (see Table 4.2-1)}\end{matrix} \\{0,1} & \begin{matrix}{\text{if}n_{s}\text{mod2 = 0 and not in special subframe with}} \\\text{configuration 1, 2, 6, or 7 (see Table 4.2-1)}\end{matrix} \\{2,3} & \begin{matrix}{\text{if}n_{s}\text{mod2 = 1 and not in special subframe with}} \\\text{configuration 1, 2, 6, or 7 (see Table 4.2-1)}\end{matrix}\end{matrix}\mspace{85mu} m^{\prime}} = 0},1,2,} \right.} \right.} \right.}} \right.}} & (4)\end{matrix}$and the sequence w _(p) ^((i)) is given by Table 1 (corresponding toTable 6.10.3.2-1 of TS 36.211):

TABLE 1 The sequence w _(p)(i) for normal cyclic prefix Antenna port^(p)[w _(p)(0) w _(p)(1) w _(p)(2) w _(p)(3)] 7 [+1 +1 +1 +1] 8 [+1 −1 +1−1] 9 [+1 +1 +1 +1] 10 [+1 −1 +1 −1] 11 [+1 +1 −1 −1] 12 [−1 −1 +1 +1]13 [+1 −1 −1 +1] 14 [−1 +1 +1 −1]

Referring to FIG. 6, illustrated is a diagram showing mapping of a PN(Pseudo-Noise) sequence to different PRBs (Physical Resource Blocks) forUE (User Equipment)-specific RS (Reference Signal(s)) for different UEBWs (Bandwidths) via LTE-based mapping, in connection with variousaspects discussed herein. FIG. 6 illustrates the generation proceduredescribed above in connection with Equations (1)-(4) and Table 1, wherea PN sequence is first obtained for the maximum number of PRBs denotedas N_(RB) ^(max,DL) and depending on the assigned PRB block numbern_(PRB) (which depends on the actual system BW), the appropriate portionof the sequence is extracted. It can be seen in FIG. 6 that UE(s)operating with different assumptions of the actual system bandwidthassigned with the same PRB in the physical domain will use differentsequences, which can make DM-RS antenna port multiplexing usingorthogonal codes not possible.

Accordingly, in a first set of aspects discussed herein, one or moretechniques discussed herein can be employed for DM-RS sequencegeneration (e.g., via processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) for NR.These techniques can comprise techniques to generate (e.g., viaprocessor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) a PN sequence for DM-RS modulationthat supports: (1) a nested structure, such that UEs (e.g., employingrespective systems 400) operating under different assumptions of theactual system bandwidth can use the same part of the PN sequence tomodulate DM-RS (e.g., via processor(s) 410 and transceiver circuitry420) and (2) the sequence generation framework discussed herein is notlimited by the maximum number of PRBs in the current release and can bereused for new maximum value of PRBs N_(RB) ^(max,DL)>N_(RB) ^(max,DL)introduced in future NR release(s).

In a first set of embodiments associated with the first set of aspects,two PN sequences can be used (e.g., via processor(s) 410 or processor(s)510) to generate the QPSK sequence for DM-RS REs modulation, wherein thefirst PN sequence (denoted herein as c₁(n)) can be used to modulateDM-RS REs with subcarrier indexes larger than a reference (e.g.,central) subcarrier index (or frequency, e.g., which can be, in aspects,a center frequency between two subcarriers) and a second PN sequence(denoted herein as c₂(n)) can be used to modulate DM-RS REs withsubcarrier indexes smaller than the reference subcarrier index. Invarious aspects, the QPSK sequence can be generated (e.g., byprocessor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) as shown in equation (5):

$\begin{matrix}{{{r_{1,2}(m)} = {{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left( {1 - {2 \cdot {c_{1,2}\left( {2m} \right)}}} \right)} + {j\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left( {1 - {2 \cdot {c_{1,2}\left( {{2m} + 1} \right)}}} \right)}}},{m = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{{P \cdot N_{RB}^{{m\;{ax}},{DL}}} - 1},} & (5)\end{matrix}$where P is the number of REs per antenna port per PRB for DM-RS (e.g.,generated by processor(s) 410 (or processor(s) 510, respectively),transmitted via transceiver circuitry 420 (or communication circuitry520, respectively), received via communication circuitry 520 (ortransceiver circuitry 420, respectively), and processed by processor(s)410 (or processor(s) 510, respectively)). The mapping (e.g., byprocessor(s) 410 and transceiver circuitry 420 or processor(s) 510 andcommunication circuitry 520) of QPSK symbol to PRBs can be defined asshown in equation (6):

$\begin{matrix}{a_{k,l}^{(p)} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{{r_{1}(k)},} & {k \in k_{PRB}^{+}} \\{{r_{2}(k)},} & {k \in k_{PRB}^{-}}\end{matrix},} \right.} & (6)\end{matrix}$where k_(PRB) ⁺ corresponds to the set of assigned subcarriers withsubcarrier indexes larger than the reference subcarrier index andk_(PRB) ⁻ corresponds to the set of assigned subcarriers with subcarrierindexes smaller than the reference subcarrier index.

In various aspects, the reference subcarrier index can correspond to acentral subcarrier index of the SS block (e.g., generated byprocessor(s) 510, transmitted via communication circuitry 520, receivedvia transceiver circuitry 420, and processed by processor(s) 410), a DC(Direct Current) subcarrier or another subcarrier index (or frequency,e.g., between two subcarriers) that can be indicated or configured bythe gNB to the UE (e.g., via higher layer signaling generated byprocessor(s) 510, transmitted via communication circuitry 520, receivedvia transceiver circuitry 420, and processed by processor(s) 410).Referring to FIG. 7, illustrated is a diagram showing a first examplemapping of PN sequences and corresponding QPSK symbol(s) to differentPRB blocks, according to various aspects discussed herein.

In contrast to conventional techniques, the first set of embodimentsassociated with the first set of aspects (as discussed in connectionwith equation (6) above and the associated mapping procedure), can alsobe used for new maximum value of PRBs N′_(RB) ^(max,DL)>N_(RB)^(max,DL).

In one example embodiment of the first set of embodiments associatedwith the first set of aspects, c₁(n) and c₂(n) can be two Gold sequencesgenerated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) using the sameM-sequences with different initialization values. In another exampleembodiment of this first set of embodiments, c₁(n) and c₂(n) can be twoGold sequences that can be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 orprocessor(s) 510) using different M-sequences.

In a second set of embodiments associated with the first set of aspects,the PN sequence can be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 orprocessor(s) 510) based at least in part on an assumed value for themaximum bandwidth (e.g, of N_(RB) ^(max,DL)), which can be extended byrepetition to support larger value of N′_(RB) ^(max,DL)>N_(RB)^(max,DL). Mapping of modulated QPSK symbol to PRBs (e.g., byprocessor(s) 410 and transceiver circuitry 420 or processor(s) 510 andcommunication circuitry 520) can follow a nested structure similar tothe mapping supported by CRS (Cell-specific Reference Signal(s)).Referring to FIG. 8, illustrated is a diagram showing a second examplemapping of PN sequences and corresponding QPSK symbol(s) to differentPRB blocks, according to various aspects discussed herein.

The mapping illustrated in FIG. 8 and discussed above can be specifiedas in equation (7):a _(k,l) ^((p)) =r(k mod N _(RB) ^(max,DL))  (7),where the modulo operation can be used to achieve sequence wrap around(repetition), when the boundary of the QPSK modulated sequence length isachieved. In various aspects, the UE can also be configured (e.g., viahigher layer signaling generated by processor(s) 510, transmitted viacommunication circuitry 520, received via transceiver circuitry 420, andprocessed by processor(s) 410) with a PRB block index offset that can beused to derive an offset k_(o) for the mapping of QPSK modulatedsequence onto assigned PRBs, as is equation (8):a _(k,l) ^((p)) =r(k+k ₀ mod N _(RB) ^(max,DL))  (8).

In some embodiments of this second set of embodiments, the systembandwidth can be divided into multiple bandwidth parts (BPs). In variousaspects, the reference subcarrier index of the system bandwidth cancorrespond to the central subcarrier index of the SS block, a DCsubcarrier or another subcarrier index indicated or configured by thegNB to the UE (e.g., via higher layer signaling generated byprocessor(s) 510, transmitted via communication circuitry 520, receivedvia transceiver circuitry 420, and processed by processor(s) 410).Referring to FIG. 9, illustrated is a diagram showing an example ofshort DM (Demodulation)-RS (Reference Signal) mapping for bandwidthextension, according to various aspects discussed herein. The m-sequencecan be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) as ashort sequence 980 based at least in part on the length of a referencebandwidth part (BP) 950 in FIG. 9. In one example, the reference BP canbe a minimum BP (e.g., comprising center frequency 910 and SS(Synchronization Signaling) Block(s) 920) or can be configurable throughsystem information (e.g., generated by processor(s) 510, transmitted viacommunication circuitry 520, received via transceiver circuitry 420, andprocessed by processor(s) 410). Then, different sequences with the samelength can be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510)based at least in part on the basic sequence 980 and the associatedbandwidth part (BP) index of BPs 930-970. In various aspects, the BPindex may be indexed relative to the central frequency. For example, theindex of <BP 930, BP 940, BP 950, BP 960, BP 970>can be <−2, −1, 0, 1,2>.

In other embodiments of this second set of embodiments, two longerscrambling sequences can be used to generate DM-RS (e.g., viaprocessor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510). Referring to FIG. 10, illustratedis a diagram showing an example of dual DM (Demodulation)-RS (ReferenceSignal) sequence mapping for bandwidth extension, according to variousaspects discussed herein. In the example of FIG. 10, a first sequence1010 can be used (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) toscramble the “negative subcarriers” (e.g., subcarriers with subcarrierindexes smaller than a reference (e.g., central) subcarrier index,starting from a reference (e.g., center) frequency in the order ofdecreasing frequency). Additionally, in the example of FIG. 10, a secondsequence 1020 can be used (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s)510) to scramble the “positive subcarriers” (e.g., subcarriers withsubcarrier indexes larger than a reference (e.g., central) subcarrierindex, starting from a reference (e.g., center) frequency in the orderof increasing frequency). In various embodiments, the two bandwidths ateither side of the reference frequency can be the same or different.Additionally, in aspects (e.g., when different), the two DM-RS sequencescan be independently generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 orprocessor(s) 510) based at least in part on the respective bandwidths ofthe two sides.

In various embodiments of the first set of aspects, a Gold sequence oflarger length (e.g., greater than 31, such as 63, 127, etc.) can bespecified to support PN sequence generation (e.g., by processor(s) 410)over a larger bandwidth (e.g., compared to LTE) supported by NR.

Additionally, in various embodiments of the first set of aspects, abinary maximum length sequence (e.g., which can be referred to as anm-sequence) can be used (e.g., by processor(s) 410 and transceivercircuitry 420 or processor(s) 510 and communication circuitry 520) asthe base scrambling sequence. In various embodiments, an m-sequence canbe generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 and transceiver circuitry 420 orprocessor(s) 510 and communication circuitry 520) with a linear feedbackshift register (LFSR) that can implement a primitive polynomial. In someembodiments, the coefficients of the generator polynomial for DM-RS canbe fixed in a specification (e.g., 3GPP specification).

Precoder Assignment for NR (New Radio)

MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems employ a plurality of Tx(Transmit) and Rx (Receive) antennas to provide spatial diversity,multiplexing and array gains in the DL (Downlink) and UL (Uplink)channels. In the DL, the Tx performance of the BS (e.g., TRP (Tx/RxPoint) such as a gNB, eNB, etc., employing system 500) can be improve byusing CSI (Channel State Information) about the DL channel observed(e.g., via communication circuitry 520 and processor(s) 510) via Rxantennas. The CSI can be obtained by the BS from the UE as follows: (a)from estimation (e.g., via processor(s) 510) of the UL channel (e.g., asreceived via communication circuitry 520) and by using channelreciprocity of the wireless channel or (b) from quantized feedbackreceived via the Rx antennas (e.g., generated by processor(s) 410,transmitted via transceiver circuitry 420, received via communicationcircuitry 520, and processed by processor(s) 510).

The quantized form of CSI feedback is more general and can be used forboth FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) and TDD (Time DivisionDuplexing) systems. The quantized CSI can comprise the precoding matrixindex (PMI) to assist beamforming or precoding selection (e.g., viaprocessor(s) 510, which can be applied by communication circuitry 520)for the Tx antennas of the BS. The set of possible PMIs is referred toas a codebook. For different possible deployments of NR, the codebookcan be designed to provide reasonable performance in all possibleserving directions of the TRP.

In order to improve the performance for DM (Demodulation)-RS (ReferenceSignal(s))-based transmission mode(s) RB (Resource Block) bundling (intoPRGs (Precoding Resource block Groups) of P (a positive integer) PRB(s)(Physical Resource Blocks)) can be employed (e.g., by processor(s) 410and processor(s) 510). In accordance with the LTE (Long Term Evolution)Rel-10 (Release 10), if the UE (e.g., employing system 400) isconfigured with PMI/RI (Rank Indicator) reporting, the UE can assume(e.g., via processor(s) 410) the same precoding vector over some of theadjacent RBs (e.g., those in the same PRG). In such scenarios, thechannel estimation (e.g., performed via processor(s) 410 based at leastin part on signals, noise, and/or interference received via transceivercircuitry 420) can be improved by averaging (e.g., via processor(s) 410)over a larger number of RBs. 3GPP TS 36.213 discusses this bundling at7.1.6.5 (“Precoding PRB bundling”):

-   -   A UE configured for transmission mode 9 for a given serving cell        c may assume that precoding granularity is multiple resource        blocks in the frequency domain when PMI/RI reporting is        configured.    -   For a given serving cell c, if a UE is configured for        transmission mode 10        -   if PMI/RI reporting is configured for all configured CSI            processes for the serving cell c, the UE may assume that            precoding granularity is multiple resource blocks in the            frequency domain,        -   otherwise, the UE [can] assume the precoding granularity is            one resource block in the frequency domain.    -   Fixed system bandwidth dependent Precoding Resource block Groups        (PRGs) of size P′ partition the system bandwidth and each PRG        consists of consecutive PRBs. If N_(RB) ^(DL) mod P′>0 then one        of the PRGs is of size N_(RB) ^(DL)−P′└N_(RB) ^(DL)/P′┘. The PRG        size is non-increasing starting at the lowest frequency. The UE        may assume that the same precoder applies on all scheduled PRBs        within a PRG.    -   The PRG size a UE may assume for a given system bandwidth is        given by:

TABLE 7.1.6.5-1 System Bandwidth PRG Size (P′) (N_(RB) ^(DL)) (PRBs) ≤101 11-26 2 27-63 3  64-110 2

However, in NR UE bandwidth assumptions can vary, thus UE(s) (e.g.,employing respective system(s) 400) operating with different assumptionsof the actual system bandwidth can have assigned PRGs (and thusprecoding) that depend on the assumed system bandwidth if assigned in aconventional manner, which can be detrimental to CSI determination atthe BS (e.g., via processor(s) 510 and communication circuitry 520).Accordingly, in a second set of aspects discussed herein, techniques arediscussed that can facilitate PRG assignment to PRBs. These techniquescan facilitate precoding assignment that can be independent of UEassumptions of system bandwidth, and thus can facilitate improved CSIdetermination compared to conventional systems. In various embodimentsof the second set of aspects, two approaches can be employed forprecoding assignment to PRBs: (a) cell-specific PRG assignment, whereinPRG(s) can be assigned to P consecutive PRBs starting from a reference(e.g., center) PRB (or frequency between two PRBs, etc.), such as thecenter of an SS (Synchronization Signal) block or (b) UE-specific PRGassignment, wherein PRG(s) can be assigned to P consecutive PRBsstarting from a reference PRB index (e.g., a center, lowest, highest,etc. PRB index of one of the UE resource allocation or configuredbandwidth part).

Referring to FIG. 11, illustrated is a diagram showing an example of PRGassignment according to a first technique, according to various aspectsdiscussed herein. In a first set of embodiments (e.g., employing thefirst technique) associated with the second set of aspects,cell-specific PRG assignment can be employed (e.g., which can beindicated via higher layer signaling generated by processor(s) 510,transmitted via communication circuitry 520, received via transceivercircuitry 420, and processed by processor(s) 410), where each PRG can beassigned (e.g., by processor(s) 410 and processor(s) 510) to Pconsecutive PRBs starting from a reference PRB (or frequency between apair of adjacent PRBs, etc.). In various aspects of this first set ofembodiments, the reference PRB (etc.) can be, for example, the center ofthe SS block (e.g., generated by processor(s) 510, transmitted bycommunication circuitry 520, received by transceiver 420, and processedby processor(s) 410). In this first set of embodiments, as shown in theexample of FIG. 11, consecutive PRBs belonging to the same PRG areassigned (e.g., by processor(s) 410 and processor(s) 510) starting fromthe center of the SS block. In various aspects, on the edge of thefrequency band, the number of PRBs in the outermost PRG(s) can bereduced if the number of PRBs in the band (or the half of the band,relative to the center of the SS block) is not evenly divisible by thePRG size of P (e.g., if P does not divide the number of PRBs in the band(or the half of the band) without remainder).

Referring to FIG. 12, illustrated is a diagram showing an example of PRGassignment according to a second technique, according to various aspectsdiscussed herein. In a second set of embodiments (e.g., employing thesecond technique) associated with the second set of aspects, UE-specificPRG assignment can be employed (e.g., which can be indicated via higherlayer signaling generated by processor(s) 510, transmitted viacommunication circuitry 520, received via transceiver circuitry 420, andprocessed by processor(s) 410) where each PRG can be assigned (e.g., byprocessor(s) 410 and processor(s) 510) to P consecutive PRBs startingfrom a reference PRB (or frequency between a pair of adjacent PRBs,etc.). In various aspects of this second set of embodiments, thereference PRB (etc.) can be, for example, a lowest PRB index, a highestPRB index, or a center PRB index of one of a resource allocation of theUE or a configured BW part for the UE.

The example shown in FIG. 12 is an embodiment of this second set ofembodiments wherein PRGs can be assigned (e.g., by processor(s) 410 andprocessor(s) 510) to PRBs starting from the highest (corresponding tothe bottom part of the figure) PRBs indexes within the resourceallocation or configured bandwidth part. In various aspects, if thenumber of PRBs in the resource allocation or configured bandwidth is notan integer multiple of resource allocation or configured bandwidth part,the number of PRBs can be reduced in the PRG(s) on one or both of theedge(s) of the resource allocation or configured bandwidth.

Additionally, in various embodiments (e.g., of the first or second set)of the second set of aspects, the UE can assume, for each PRG, the sameprecoder within all PRBs of that PRG.

DM-RS Sequence Generation and Mapping for New Radio (NR)

As agreed in NR, from the perspective of the RAN1 (RAN (Radio AccessNetwork) WG1 (Working Group 1)) specification, the maximum channelbandwidth per NR carrier is 400 MHz in Rel-15 (LTE Release 15).Additionally, for a UE not capable of supporting the carrier bandwidth,resource allocation for data transmission can be derived based on atwo-step frequency-domain assignment process: (1) indication of abandwidth part (e.g., via higher layer signaling generated byprocessor(s) 510, transmitted by communication circuitry 520, receivedby transceiver circuitry 420, and processed by processor(s) 410) and (2)indication of the PRBs within the bandwidth part (e.g., via higher layersignaling generated by processor(s) 510, transmitted by communicationcircuitry 520, received by transceiver circuitry 420, and processed byprocessor(s) 410). For a given UE, one or multiple bandwidth partconfigurations for each component carrier can be semi-staticallysignaled to a UE (e.g., via signaling generated by processor(s) 510,transmitted by communication circuitry 520, received by transceivercircuitry 420, and processed by processor(s) 410). Configuration of thebandwidth part can also include numerology, frequency location andbandwidth.

Referring to FIG. 13, illustrated is a diagram showing an example ofDM-RS for multiple BW parts configured with different numerologies, inconnection with various aspects discussed herein. In the example of FIG.13, bandwidth parts #1 and #3 are configured with 15 kHz subcarrierspacing and a slot duration of 1 ms, while bandwidth part #2 isconfigured with 60 kHz subcarrier spacing and a slot duration of roughly0.25 ms. Additionally, as agreed in NR, symbol level alignment acrossdifferent subcarrier spacings with the same CP (Cyclic Prefix) overheadcan be assumed (e.g., by processor(s) 410 and processor(s) 510) within asubframe duration in a NR carrier.

For NR, DM (Demodulation)-RS (Reference Signal(s)) can occupy a partialsystem bandwidth in scenarios wherein the UE is not capable ofsupporting the whole carrier bandwidth, as shown in the example of FIG.13. Depending on whether the UE is configured with one or more BW parts,DM-RS sequence generation and mapping may need to be defined.

Accordingly, in various embodiments of a third set of aspects discussedherein, techniques are discussed that can facilitate DM-RS sequencegeneration and mapping for NR. In various aspects, these techniques cancomprise: (1) DM-RS sequence generation and mapping in frequency; (2)DM-RS sequence generation and mapping in time; and (3) scramblingsequence generation for data and control channel(s).

DM-RS Sequence Generation and Mapping in Time

In LTE, Demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) is only transmitted in theresource blocks assigned for transmission to a given UE. Additionally,DM-RS is generated based on a pseudo-random sequence, wherein theinitialization seed is defined as a function of one or more of aphysical cell ID (Identifier), a virtual cell ID, a slot index, or ascrambling ID, which can be indicated in the downlink controlinformation (DCI) (e.g., generated by processor(s) 510, transmitted bycommunication circuitry 520, received by transceiver circuitry 420, andprocessed by processor(s) 410).

For NR, a similar mechanism can be applied for DM-RS sequencegeneration, as discussed in greater detail below. For example, theinitialization seed for pseudo-random sequence for DM-RS sequencegeneration can be defined as a function of one or more of a physicalcell ID, a virtual cell ID, a slot index, or a scrambling ID, which canbe indicated in the downlink control information (DCI) (e.g., generatedby processor(s) 510, transmitted by communication circuitry 520,received by transceiver circuitry 420, and processed by processor(s)410). Additionally, it also can be defined as a function of one or moreof the following parameters: symbol index or UE ID (e.g., Cell RadioNetwork Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI)).

In scenarios wherein a UE is allocated with two or more bandwidth parts,in various embodiments, DM-RS sequence generation and resource mappingcan be employed as discussed below.

Additionally, although only one DM-RS symbol is shown in the example ofFIG. 14 and as discussed below, in various embodiments, the sametechniques can be extended to other scenarios, such as scenarios withtwo front-loaded DM-RS symbols and scenarios wherein additional DM-RS isconfigured in the second part of the slot.

In a first set of embodiments associated with the third set of aspects,in scenarios wherein the same numerology is applied for two or morebandwidth parts, a long pseudo-random sequence in accordance with thetotal bandwidth of the two or more bandwidth parts and numerology can begenerated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) for DM-RS.

Referring again to the example shown in FIG. 13, a UE can be configured(e.g., via higher layer signaling generated by processor(s) 510,transmitted by communication circuitry 520, received by transceivercircuitry 420, and processed by processor(s) 410) with bandwidth part #1and #3 for data transmission, wherein 5 MHz and 10 MHz can be allocatedfor bandwidth part #1 and #3, respectively. Given that the samenumerology of 15 kHz is employed, a long pseudo-random sequence based ona 15 MHz (5 MHz+10 MHz) bandwidth and 15 kHz subcarrier spacing can begenerated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) for DM-RS,according to the first set of embodiments of the third set of aspects.

In a second set of embodiments associated with the third set of aspects,in scenarios wherein the same or different numerologies are applied fortwo or more bandwidth parts, independent pseudo-random sequence(s) inaccordance with the different bandwidth parts and associatednumerologies can be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s)510) for DM-RS in each bandwidth part.

Referring again to the example shown in FIG. 13, a UE can be configuredwith bandwidth part #1 and #2 for data transmission, wherein bandwidthpart #1 with 5 MHz is configured with 15 kHz subcarrier spacing andbandwidth part #2 with 5 MHz is configured with 60 kHz subcarrierspacing. In such scenarios, an independent sequence can be generated(e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) for each bandwidth partfor DM-RS.

Additionally, in various such aspects, the pseudo-random sequence ineach bandwidth part can be further defined as a function of bandwidthpart index or another parameter associated with each bandwidth part,which can help randomize the interference in the frequency domain. Invarious such aspects, the parameter can be one of predefined in thespecification or configured by higher layer signaling via one of NRminimum system information (MSI), NR remaining minimum systeminformation (RMSI), NR other system information (OSI) or radio resourcecontrol (RRC) signaling; or dynamically indicated in the DCI or acombination thereof (e.g., generated by processor(s) 510, transmitted bycommunication circuitry 520, received by transceiver circuitry 420, andprocessed by processor(s) 410).

In various aspects, the scrambling ID can be different for eachbandwidth part and/or can be dynamically signaled in the DCI (e.g.,generated by processor(s) 510, transmitted by communication circuitry520, received by transceiver circuitry 420, and processed byprocessor(s) 410). Alternatively, a predefined or configured offset forscrambling IDs between bandwidth parts can be defined, which can helpreduce signaling overhead in the DCI.

In aspects, for a given bandwidth part, the UE can be configured withtwo or more virtual cell IDs to support dynamic switching betweentransmit points (TP).

DM-RS Sequence Generation and Mapping in Time

As discussed above, the initialization seed for pseudo-random sequencefor DM-RS sequence generation can be defined as a function of one ormore of the following parameters: a physical cell ID, a virtual cell ID,a slot index, a symbol index, a frame index, a scrambling ID or a UE ID.

In a third set of embodiments associated with the third set of aspects,the slot index can be defined in accordance with a reference numerology.In various aspects, the reference numerology can be different indifferent carrier frequencies. As an example, for a carrier frequencybelow 6 GHz, a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing can be considered as thereference numerology, while for a carrier frequency above 6 GHz, a 60kHz or a 120 Kkz subcarrier spacing can be considered as the referencenumerology. Alternatively, the reference numerology can be thenumerology of a beam management reference signal (e.g., SS-block orCSI-RS) which can be configured or indicated in a default or indicatedbeam pair link (BPL) (e.g., via higher layer signaling or DCI generatedby processor(s) 510, transmitted via communication circuitry 520,received via transceiver circuitry 420, and processed by processor(s)410).

In such scenarios, a long sequence can be generated (e.g., byprocessor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) within one slot and one bandwidthpart in accordance with reference numerology. Depending on the number ofDM-RS symbols configured within one slot using reference numerology, theDM-RS sequence can be mapped accordingly to each DM-RS symbol (e.g., byprocessor(s) 410 and transceiver circuitry 420 or processor(s) 510 andcommunication circuitry 520).

As an example, referring again to FIG. 13, in bandwidth part #2, theDM-RS sequence can be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 orprocessor(s) 510) as a function of slot index which is based on areference numerology, for example, 15 kHz. In such scenarios, a longsequence can be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s)510) for DM-RS based on a 1 ms slot duration. Given that 4 DM-RS symbolsare used within 1 ms, the long DM-RS sequence can be mapped (e.g., byprocessor(s) 410 and transceiver circuitry 420 or processor(s) 510 andcommunication circuitry 520) into the 4 DM-RS symbols, wherein the firstpart of the DM-RS sequence can be mapped to the first DM-RS symbol, thesecond part of the DM-RS sequence can be mapped to the second DM-RSsymbol, and so on.

Additionally, in various aspects, the symbol index can be included inthe DM-RS sequence generation (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s)510) in addition to the slot index. Referring to FIG. 14, illustrated isa diagram showing an example of symbol level based transmission ofDM-RS, according to various aspects discussed herein. In embodimentssuch as the example of FIG. 14, data transmission can span a few symbolswith regard to the reference numerology. In such scenarios, the DM-RSsequence can be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s)510) as a function of symbol index and slot index, in accordance withreference numerology.

In a fourth set of embodiments associated with the third set of aspects,slot index can be defined in accordance with an associated numerology ineach bandwidth part. For instance, assuming a 10 ms frame duration, theslot index for a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing is from 0 to 9, while for a60 kHz subcarrier spacing, the slot index is from 0 to 39. Similarly, along sequence can be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 orprocessor(s) 510), wherein the total length of the long sequence can bedetermined based at least in part on the number of DM-RS symbols in aslot of the associated numerology. In such scenarios, a different partof the DM-RS sequence can be mapped (e.g., by processor(s) 410 andtransceiver circuitry 420 or processor(s) 510 and communicationcircuitry 520) to different DM-RS symbols accordingly.

Alternatively, in scenarios wherein at least one additional DM-RS symbolis configured, the symbol index can be included in the generation (e.g.,by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) of DM-RS. For instance,additional DM-RS symbol can be configured (e.g., via higher layersignaling generated by processor(s) 510, transmitted via communicationcircuitry 520, received via transceiver circuitry 420, and processed byprocessor(s) 410) in the second half of one slot. In this case, separateDM-RS sequence is generated for each DM-RS symbol within one slot.

In various embodiments of the third set of aspects, similar techniquescan be applied for the sequence generation (e.g., by processor(s) 410 orprocessor(s) 510) of other reference signals, for example, PhaseTracking Reference Signal (PT-RS), sounding reference signal (SRS),channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), etc.

Scrambling Sequence Generation for Data and Control Channel

In LTE, the scrambling sequence(s) for data and control channel(s) canbe generated (e.g., via processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) as afunction of one or more of cell ID, slot index or RNTI. For NR, due tomultiplexing of different numerologies in the same bandwidth and symbollevel transmission of data and control channel scrambling sequencegeneration can be updated accordingly.

In a fifth set of embodiments associated with the third set of aspects,the scrambling sequence can be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 orprocessor(s) 510) as a function of the scrambling seed can be defined asa function of one or more of the following parameters: a physical cellID, a virtual cell ID, a frame and/or slot and/or symbol index for thetransmission of the data and/or control channel(s), and/or a suitableidentifier (e.g., RNTI).

Additionally, in scenarios involving mini-slot aggregation, the symbolindex can be used for the scrambling sequence generation (e.g., byprocessor(s) 510) for the DL control and/or data channel(s) can bedefined in accordance with the first symbol scheduled for thetransmission. Similarly, in scenarios involving slot aggregation whenone transport block (TB) spans multiple slots, the slot index used forthe scrambling sequence generation (e.g., by processor(s) 510) for theDL control and/or data channel(s) can be defined in accordance with thefirst slot scheduled for the transmission.

Additionally, as discussed above, slot index can be either determined inaccordance with the reference numerology or the numerology associatedwith each bandwidth part. In scenarios wherein the slot index isdetermined (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) based atleast in part on the reference numerology, and when symbol level basedtransmission (e.g., by transceiver circuitry 420 and communicationcircuitry 520) for the data and/or control channel(s) (e.g., generatedby processor(s) 410 (or processor(s) 510, respectively), transmitted viatransceiver circuitry 420 (or communication circuitry 520,respectively), received via communication circuitry 520 (or transceivercircuitry 420, respectively), and processed by processor(s) 410 (orprocessor(s) 510, respectively)) is employed, the symbol index inaccordance with the reference numerology can also be included in thescrambling sequence generation (e.g., by processor(s) 410 orprocessor(s) 510).

Additional Embodiments

Referring to FIG. 15, illustrated is a flow diagram of an example method1500 employable at a NR (New Radio) wireless communication device (e.g.,gNB, UE, etc.) that facilitates RS (Reference Signal) sequencegeneration and mapping for NR, according to various aspects discussedherein. In other aspects, a machine readable medium can storeinstructions associated with method 1500 that, when executed, can causea NR wireless communication device to perform the acts of method 1500.

At 1510, one or more PN sequences can be generated based on an initialstate of a PN generator.

At 1520, for each PRB of one or more PRBs, an associated portion of anassociated PN sequence can be extracted, based on a reference frequency,and independent of a BW part configuration and/or maximum number ofconfigured PRBs.

At 1530, RS can be generated (e.g., via QPSK modulation, mapping, etc.)for each PRB based on the extracted associated portion of the associatedPN sequence for that PRB.

Additionally or alternatively, method 1500 can include one or more otheracts described herein in connection with various embodiments of system400 or system 500 discussed herein in connection with the first set ofaspects.

Referring to FIG. 16, illustrated is a flow diagram of an example method1600 employable at a NR (New Radio) wireless communication device (e.g.,gNB, UE, etc.) that facilitates precoder assignment for NR, according tovarious aspects discussed herein. In other aspects, a machine readablemedium can store instructions associated with method 1600 that, whenexecuted, can cause a NR wireless communication device to perform theacts of method 1600.

At 1610, one or more PRGs, each comprising two or more PRBs, can bedetermined, starting from a reference frequency (e.g., a centerfrequency of a SS block, etc.).

At 1620, a precoder assignment for each of the PRBs of the one or morePRGs can be determined, based on an assumed common precoder assignmentfor that PRG.

At 1630, a DL data channel can be transmitted (e.g., in gNB embodiments)or received (e.g., in UE embodiments) based on the determined precoderassignment(s).

Additionally or alternatively, method 1600 can include one or more otheracts described herein in connection with various embodiments of system400 or system 500 discussed herein in connection with the second set ofaspects.

Referring to FIG. 17, illustrated is a flow diagram of an example method1700 employable at a NR (New Radio) wireless communication device (e.g.,gNB, UE, etc.) that facilitates DM-RS sequence generation for NR,according to various aspects discussed herein. In other aspects, amachine readable medium can store instructions associated with method1700 that, when executed, can cause a NR wireless communication deviceto perform the acts of method 1700.

At 1710, one or more pseudo-random sequences can be generated based onone or more of a physical cell ID, a virtual cell ID, a symbol index, aslot index, a frame index, a scrambling ID, or a UE ID.

At 1720, the one or more pseudo-random sequences can be mapped to one ormore DM-RS symbols.

At 1730, the one or more DM-RS symbols can be transmitted.

Additionally or alternatively, method 1700 can include one or more otheracts described herein in connection with various embodiments of system400 or system 500 discussed herein in connection with the third set ofaspects.

A first example embodiment employable in connection with the first setof aspects discussed herein can comprise a method of reference signalmodulation using a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence or apparatus (e.g., system400 or system 500) configured to employ such a method, the methodcomprising: generating (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510)one or more PN sequences in accordance with an initial state of a PNgenerator; extracting (e.g., via processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510),for a resource block with the same global PRB index (set of subcarriersresiding on the same physical frequencies), the same portion of anassociated PN sequence of the one or more PN sequences, irrespective ofthe bandwidth part configuration at the UE or maximum number of PRBssupported by NR; and using (e.g., via processor(s) 410 or processor(s)510) the extracted PN sequence for QPSK modulation and mapping to thereference signals REs within the PRB block(s) assigned to the UE.

In various aspects of the first example embodiment in connection withthe first set of aspects, the reference signals are demodulationreference signals (DM-RS).

In various aspects of the first example embodiment in connection withthe first set of aspects, the reference signals are channel stateinformation reference signals (CSI-RS).

In various aspects of the first example embodiment in connection withthe first set of aspects, the PN sequence comprises two PN sequenceparts, a first PN sequence part generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 orprocessor(s) 510) for the “positive” subcarrier indexes relative to areference (e.g., central) subcarrier and a second PN sequence partgenerated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) for the“negative” subcarrier indexes relative to the reference subcarrier. Invarious such aspects, the reference subcarrier can correspond to thecentral subcarrier index of the SS block, DC subcarrier or othersubcarrier index indicated or configured by the gNB to the UE (e.g., viahigher layer signaling generated by processor(s) 510, transmitted viacommunication circuitry 520, received via transceiver circuitry 420, andprocessed by processor(s) 410).

In various aspects of the first example embodiment in connection withthe first set of aspects, the PN sequence(s) can be repeated every NPRBs. In various such aspects (or other aspects of the first exampleembodiment in connection with the first set of aspects), the UE can beconfigured (e.g., via higher layer signaling generated by processor(s)510, transmitted via communication circuitry 520, received viatransceiver circuitry 420, and processed by processor(s) 410) with a PRBblock offset that can be used to extract (e.g., via processor(s) 410)the PN sequence for reference signal modulation. In various suchaspects, the PN sequence can be repeated every reference bandwidth part.In various such aspects, the PN sequence generated (e.g., viaprocessor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) for the set of PRBs can berepeated every N_(RB) ^(max,DL) PRBs.

In various aspects of the first example embodiment in connection withthe first set of aspects, the PN sequence is a Gold sequence of length63.

In various aspects of the first example embodiment in connection withthe first set of aspects, the PN sequence is a Gold sequence of length127.

A first example embodiment employable in connection with the second setof aspects discussed herein can comprise a method of precoder assigmentto physical resource blocks (PRBs) or apparatus configured to employsuch a method, wherein the method comprises: determining (e.g., viaprocessor(s) 410) a precoding group set comprising two or moreconsecutive PRBs, wherein the UE can assume (e.g., via processor(s) 410)the same precoder assignment for all PRBs of the precoding group set,wherein consecutive PRBs are assigned to precoding group sets startingfrom the center frequency; and receiving (e.g., via transceivercircuitry 420) a downlink data channel (e.g., generated by processor(s)510, transmitted via communication circuitry 520, received viatransceiver 420, and processed by processor(s) 410) in accordance withthe precoder assignment via the scheduled PRB(s).

In various aspects of the first example embodiment of the second set ofaspects, the center frequency corresponds to the center of thesynchronization signal block (e.g., generated by processor(s) 510,transmitted via communication circuitry 520, received via transceiver420, and processed by processor(s) 410).

A second example embodiment employable in connection with the second setof aspects discussed herein can comprise a method of precoder assignmentto physical resource blocks (PRBs) or apparatus configured to employsuch a method, the method comprising: determining (e.g., viaprocessor(s) 410) a precoding group set comprising two or moreconsecutive PRBs, wherein the UE can assume (e.g., via processor(s) 410)the same precoder for all PRBs of the precoding group set, whereconsecutive PRBs are assigned from one of the center frequency, thelowest frequency or the highest frequency of the resource allocation;and receiving (e.g., via transceiver circuitry 420) a downlink datachannel (e.g., generated by processor(s) 510, transmitted viacommunication circuitry 520, received via transceiver 420, and processedby processor(s) 410) via the scheduled PRB(s) in accordance with theprecoder assignment.

In various aspects of the second example embodiment of the second set ofaspects, the resource allocation can corresponds to the scheduled PRBsin a given slot.

In various aspects of the second example embodiment of the second set ofaspects, the resource allocation comprises a configured bandwidth part.

In various aspects of either the first or the second example embodimentof the second set of aspects, when the number of PRBs is not an integermultiple of number of PRBs in the precoding group, the number of PRBs ina precoding group on the boundary of the bandwidth or allocatedresources are reduced.

A first example embodiment employable in connection with the third setof aspects discussed herein can comprise a method of wirelesscommunication for NR or apparatus configured to employ such a method,the method comprising: generating, by a NR wireless communication device(e.g., gNB, UE, etc.) (e.g., via processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510),a pseudo-random sequence based at least in part on one or more of thefollowing parameters: a physical cell ID, a virtual cell ID, a symbolindex, a slot index, a frame index, a scrambling ID, or a UE ID;mapping, by a NR wireless communication device (e.g., gNB, UE, etc.)(e.g., via processor(s) 410 and transceiver circuitry 420 orprocessor(s) 510 and communication circuitry 520), the pseudo-randomsequence into a DeModulation-Reference Signal (DM-RS) signal symbol; andtransmitting, by a NR wireless communication device (e.g., gNB, UE,etc.) (e.g., via communication circuitry 520 or transceiver circuitry420), the DM-RS symbol.

In various aspects of the first example embodiment of the third set ofaspects, in scenarios wherein the same numerology is applied (e.g., byprocessor(s) 410 and processor(s) 510) for two or more bandwidth parts,a long pseudo-random sequence in accordance with the total bandwidth ofthe two or more bandwidth parts and numerology can be generated (e.g.,by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) for DM-RS.

In various aspects of the first example embodiment of the third set ofaspects, in scenarios wherein the same or different numerologies can beapplied for two or more bandwidth parts, an independent pseudo-randomsequence in accordance with different bandwidth parts and associatednumerologies can be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s)510) for DM-RS in each bandwidth part.

In various aspects of the first example embodiment of the third set ofaspects, the pseudo-random sequence in each bandwidth part can befurther defined as a function of bandwidth part index and/or a parameterassociated with each bandwidth part.

In various aspects of the first example embodiment of the third set ofaspects, the slot index can be defined in accordance with referencenumerology. In various such aspects, a long sequence can be generated(e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) within one slot and onebandwidth part in accordance with the reference numerology, whereinDM-RS sequence can be mapped (e.g., via processor(s) 410 and transceivercircuitry 420 or processor(s) 510 and communication circuitry 520)accordingly to each DM-RS symbol.

In various aspects of the first example embodiment of the third set ofaspects, the symbol index can be included in the DM-RS sequencegeneration (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) in additionto the slot index.

In various aspects of the first example embodiment of the third set ofaspects, the slot index can be defined in accordance with an associatednumerology in each bandwidth part.

In various aspects of the first example embodiment of the third set ofaspects, the scrambling sequence for the transmission of data and/orcontrol channel(s) can be generated (e.g., by processor(s) 410 orprocessor(s) 510) as a function of the scrambling seed that can bedefined as a function of one or more of the following parameters: aphysical cell ID, a virtual cell ID, a frame index, a slot index, or asymbol index. In various such aspects, the slot index can be determined(e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510) in accordance witheither the reference numerology or the numerology associated with eachbandwidth part. In various such aspects, in scenarios wherein the slotindex can be determined (e.g., by processor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510)based at least in part on the reference numerology, and in scenarioswherein symbol level based transmission (e.g., by transceiver circuitry420 or communication circuitry 520) for the data and/or controlchannel(s) (e.g., generated by processor(s) 410 and processor(s) 510) isemployed, a symbol index in accordance with the reference numerology canalso be included in the scrambling sequence generation (e.g., byprocessor(s) 410 or processor(s) 510). In various such aspects, inscenarios involving mini-slot aggregation, the symbol index used for thescrambling sequence generation (e.g., by processor(s) 510) for the DLcontrol and/or data channel(s) (e.g., generated by processor(s) 510) canbe defined in accordance with the first symbol scheduled for thetransmission (e.g., by communication circuitry 520). In various suchscenarios, in scenarios involving slot aggregation when one transportblock (TB) spans multiple slots, the slot index used for the scramblingsequence generation (e.g., by processor(s) 510) for the DL control ordata channel (e.g., generated by processor(s) 510) can be defined inaccordance with the first slot scheduled for the transmission.

Examples herein can include subject matter such as a method, means forperforming acts or blocks of the method, at least one machine-readablemedium including executable instructions that, when performed by amachine (e.g., a processor with memory, an application-specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), orthe like) cause the machine to perform acts of the method or of anapparatus or system for concurrent communication using multiplecommunication technologies according to embodiments and examplesdescribed.

Example 1 is an apparatus configured to be employed in a NR (New Radio)wireless communication device, comprising: a memory interface; andprocessing circuitry configured to: generate one or more PN (PseudoNoise) sequences based at least in part on an initial state of a PNgenerator; extract, for each PRB (Physical Resource Block) of one ormore PRBs, an associated portion of an associated PN sequence of the oneor more PN sequences, based at least in part on a reference subcarrierindex, independent of a bandwidth part configuration and of a maximumsupported number of PRBs; generate, for each PRB of the one or morePRBs, an associated set of RS (Reference Signals) for that PRB based atleast in part on the extracted associated portion of the associated PNsequence for that PRB; and send the one or more PN sequences to a memoryvia the memory interface, wherein the NR wireless communication deviceis one of a gNB (next generation Node B) or a UE (User Equipment).

Example 2 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 1, wherein, for each PRB of the one or more PRBs, theassociated set of RS for that PRB comprises DM (Demodulation)-RS.

Example 3 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 1, wherein, for each PRB of the one or more PRBs, theassociated set of RS for that PRB comprises CSI (Channel StateInformation)-RS.

Example 4 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 1-3, wherein the one or more PN sequences comprises a firstPN sequence and a second PN sequence, wherein the first PN sequence isthe associated PN sequence for each PRB of the one or more PRBs thatcomprises subcarriers with subcarrier indexes higher than the referencesubcarrier index, and wherein the second PN sequence is the associatedPN sequence for each PRB of the one or more PRBs that comprisessubcarriers with subcarrier indexes lower than the reference subcarrierindex.

Example 5 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 1-3, wherein the reference subcarrier index is associatedwith one of a central subcarrier of a SS (Synchronization Signal) block,a DC (Direct Current) subcarrier, or a subcarrier indicated viaconfiguration signaling.

Example 6 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 1-3, wherein the one or more PN sequences comprises a singlePN sequence that is the associated PN sequence for each PRB, and whereinthe associated portion of the single PN sequence repeats every N PRBs,wherein N is a positive integer.

Example 7 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 6, wherein the one or more PRBs comprise two or more BW(Bandwidth) parts, and wherein each BW part of the two or more BW partscomprises N PRBs.

Example 8 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 6, wherein N is a maximum number of PRBs for a given BW(Bandwidth).

Example 9 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 1-3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured toextract, for each PRB of the one or more PRBs, the associated portion ofthe associated PN sequence based at least in part on a configured PRBoffset.

Example 10 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 1-3, wherein each of the one or more PN sequences is a Goldsequence of length 63.

Example 11 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 1-3, wherein each of the one or more PN sequences is a Goldsequence of length 127.

Example 12 is an apparatus configured to be employed in a UE (UserEquipment), comprising: a memory interface; and processing circuitryconfigured to: determine one or more PRGs (PRB (Physical Resource Block)Groups), wherein each PRG comprises two or more consecutive PRBs,starting from a reference frequency; determine, for each PRG of the oneor more PRGs, an associated precoder assignment for that PRG, whereinthe associated precoder assignment of that PRG is associated with eachPRB of the two or more consecutive PRBs of that PRG; process a downlinkdata channel mapped to the one or more PRGs, based at least in part onthe associated precoder assignment for each PRG of the one or more PRGs;and send, for each PRG of the one or more PRGs, an indicator of theassociated precoder assignment for that PRG to a memory via the memoryinterface.

Example 13 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 12, wherein the reference frequency is a center frequency ofa SS (Synchronization Signal) block.

Example 14 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 12, wherein the reference frequency is one of a centerfrequency of a resource allocation of the UE, a lowest frequency of theresource allocation, or a highest frequency of the resource allocation.

Example 15 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 14, wherein the resource allocation comprises all PRBsscheduled for the UE in a slot.

Example 16 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 14, wherein the resource allocation comprises a configured BW(Bandwidth) part for the UE.

Example 17 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 12-16, wherein the one or more PRGs is a plurality of PRGscomprising one or more boundary PRGs and one or more other PRGs, whereinthe one or more other PRGs comprise N PRBs, where N is a positiveinteger, wherein the one or more boundary PRGs are located at one of anupper boundary of a resource allocation of the UE or a lower boundary ofthe resource allocation, wherein the resource allocation comprises MPRBs, wherein M is a positive integer greater than N, wherein the one ormore boundary PRGs comprise N PRBs when M is an integer multiple of N,and wherein the one or more boundary PRGs comprise fewer than N PRBswhen M is not an integer multiple of N.

Example 18 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 12-16, wherein the processing circuitry is further configuredto determine the reference frequency based at least in part on aconfigured PRB offset.

Example 19 is an apparatus configured to be employed in a NR (New Radio)wireless communication device, comprising: a memory interface; andprocessing circuitry configured to: generate one or more pseudo-randomsequences based at least in part on one or more of a physical cell ID(Identifier), a virtual cell ID, a symbol index, a slot index, a frameindex, a scrambling ID, or a UE (User Equipment) ID; map the one or morepseudo-random sequences to at least one DM (Demodulation)-RS (ReferenceSignal) symbol; and send the one or more pseudo-random sequences to amemory via the memory interface, wherein the NR wireless communicationdevice is one of a gNB (next generation Node B) or a UE.

Example 20 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 19, wherein the at least one DM-RS symbol is associated withtwo or more BW (Bandwidth) parts with a common numerology, and whereinthe one or more pseudo-random sequences is a long pseudo-random sequencebased at least in part on the common numerology and a total bandwidth ofthe two or more BW parts.

Example 21 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 19, wherein the at least one DM-RS symbol is associated withtwo or more BW (Bandwidth) parts comprising a first BW part and a secondBW part, the first BW part having a first BW and a first numerology, thesecond BW part having a second BW part and a second numerology, whereinthe first numerology is distinct from the second numerology, wherein theone or more pseudo-random sequences comprises a first pseudo-randomsequence and a second pseudo-random sequence, wherein the firstpseudo-random sequence is based at least in part on the first numerologyand the first BW, and wherein the second pseudo-random sequence is basedat least in part on the second numerology and the second BW.

Example 22 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 19, wherein the at least one DM-RS symbol is associated withone or more BW (Bandwidth) parts, wherein each BW part has an associatedpseudo-random sequence of the one or more pseudo-random sequences thatis mapped to that BW part, wherein for each BW part the associatedpseudo-random sequence is based at least in part one or more of a BWpart index of that BW part or a parameter associated with that BW part.

Example 23 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 19-22, wherein the processing circuitry is configured togenerate the one or more pseudo-random sequences based at least in parton the slot index, wherein the slot index is defined based on areference numerology.

Example 24 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 23, wherein the one or more pseudo-random sequences comprisea long pseudo-random sequence generated within a slot and a BW(Bandwidth) part based at least in part on the reference numerology,wherein the slot comprises the at least one DM-RS symbol, and whereinthe processor is configured to map the long pseudo-random sequence tothe at least one DM-RS symbol.

Example 25 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 19-22, wherein the processing circuitry is configured togenerate the one or more pseudo-random sequences based at least in parton the symbol index and the slot index.

Example 26 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 19-22, wherein the processing circuitry is configured togenerate the one or more pseudo-random sequences based at least in parton the slot index, wherein, for each pseudo-random sequence of the oneor more pseudo-random sequences, the slot index is defined based on anassociated numerology of a BW part associated with that pseudo-randomsequence.

Example 27 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 19-22, wherein the processing circuitry is further configuredto: generate a channel, wherein the channel is a NR data channel or a NRcontrol channel; scramble the channel based on a scrambling sequence,wherein a scrambling seed of the scrambling sequence is based at leastin part on one or more of the physical cell ID, the virtual cell ID, asecond symbol index associated with the channel, a second slot indexassociated with the channel, or a second frame index associated with thechannel; and map the channel to one or more symbols of one or more slotscomprising the at least one DM-RS symbol.

Example 28 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 27, wherein the scrambling sequence is based at least in parton the second slot index, wherein the second slot index is based atleast in part on one of a reference numerology or a numerology of a BWpart associated with the channel.

Example 29 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 28, wherein the second slot index is based at least in parton the reference numerology, and wherein the scrambling sequence isbased at least in part on the second symbol index.

Example 30 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 27, wherein the scrambling sequence is based at least in parton the second symbol index, and wherein a value of the second symbolindex is based on a first symbol of the one or more symbols of the oneor more slots.

Example 31 comprises the subject matter of any variation of any ofexample(s) 27, wherein the scrambling sequence is based at least in parton the second slot index, wherein the one or more slots is a pluralityof slots, and wherein a value of the second slot index is based on afirst slot of the plurality of slots.

Example 32 comprises an apparatus comprising means for executing any ofthe described operations of examples 1-31.

Example 33 comprises a machine readable medium that stores instructionsfor execution by a processor to perform any of the described operationsof examples 1-31.

Example 34 comprises an apparatus comprising: a memory interface; andprocessing circuitry configured to: perform any of the describedoperations of examples 1-31.

The above description of illustrated embodiments of the subjectdisclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intendedto be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the preciseforms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are describedherein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possiblethat are considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples,as those skilled in the relevant art can recognize.

In this regard, while the disclosed subject matter has been described inconnection with various embodiments and corresponding Figures, whereapplicable, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can beused or modifications and additions can be made to the describedembodiments for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitutefunction of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom.Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to anysingle embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed inbreadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.

In particular regard to the various functions performed by the abovedescribed components or structures (assemblies, devices, circuits,systems, etc.), the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used todescribe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwiseindicated, to any component or structure which performs the specifiedfunction of the described component (e.g., that is functionallyequivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosedstructure which performs the function in the herein illustratedexemplary implementations. In addition, while a particular feature mayhave been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations,such feature may be combined with one or more other features of theother implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any givenor particular application.

What is claimed is:
 1. A baseband processor of a User Equipment (UE),configured to: determine one or more Precoding Resource block Groups(PRGs), wherein each PRG comprises one or more consecutive PhysicalResource Blocks (PRBs), starting from a reference resource block;determine, for each PRG of the one or more PRGs, an associated precoderassignment for that PRG, wherein the associated precoder assignment forthat PRG is associated with each PRB of the one or more consecutive PRBsof that PRG; and process a downlink data channel mapped to the one ormore PRGs, based at least in part on the associated precoder assignmentfor each PRG of the one or more PRGs, wherein the one or more PRGscomprise a boundary PRG and one or more other PRGs, wherein the one ormore other PRGs each comprise N PRBs, wherein N is a positive integer,wherein the boundary PRG is located at an upper boundary of a bandwidthpart, wherein the bandwidth part comprises M PRBs, wherein M is apositive integer greater than N, wherein the boundary PRG comprises NPRBs when M is an integer multiple of N, and wherein the boundary PRGcomprises fewer than N PRBs when M is not an integer multiple of N. 2.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the reference resource blockis a center resource block of a synchronization signal (SS) block. 3.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the baseband processor isfurther configured to determine the reference resource block based atleast in part on a configured offset.
 4. The baseband processor of claim1, wherein the reference resource block is determined based on aresource allocation of the UE.
 5. The baseband processor of claim 4,wherein the reference resource block is a center resource block of theresource allocation of the UE.
 6. The baseband processor of claim 4,wherein the reference resource block is a lowest resource block of theresource allocation of the UE.
 7. The baseband processor of claim 4,wherein the reference resource block is a highest resource block of theresource allocation of the UE.
 8. The baseband processor of claim 4,wherein the resource allocation comprises all PRBs scheduled for the UEin a slot.
 9. The baseband processor of claim 4, wherein the resourceallocation comprises a configured BW (Bandwidth) part for the UE. 10.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the reference resource blockis a cell-specific reference resource block.
 11. The baseband processorof claim 1, wherein the reference resource block is a UE-specificreference resource block.
 12. A method for a user equipment (UE),comprising: determining one or more Precoding Resource block Groups(PRGs), wherein each PRG comprises one or more consecutive PhysicalResource Blocks (PRBs), starting from a reference resource block;determining, for each PRG of the one or more PRGs, an associatedprecoder assignment for that PRG, wherein the associated precoderassignment for that PRG is associated with each PRB of the one or moreconsecutive PRBs of that PRG; and processing a downlink data channelmapped to the one or more PRGs, based at least in part on the associatedprecoder assignment for each PRG of the one or more PRGs, wherein theone or more PRGs comprise a boundary PRG and one or more other PRGs,wherein the one or more other PRGs each comprise N PRBs, wherein N is apositive integer, wherein the boundary PRG is located at an upperboundary of a bandwidth part, wherein the bandwidth part comprises MPRBs, wherein M is a positive integer greater than N, wherein theboundary PRG comprises N PRBs when M is an integer multiple of N, andwherein the boundary PRG comprises fewer than N PRBs when M is not aninteger multiple of N.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the referenceresource block is a center resource block of a synchronization signal(SS)-block.
 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising determiningthe reference resource block based at least in part on a configuredoffset.
 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the reference resource blockis determined based on a resource allocation of the UE.
 16. The methodof claim 15, wherein the reference resource block is a center resourceblock of the resource allocation of the UE.
 17. The method of claim 15,wherein the reference resource block is a lowest resource block of theresource allocation of the UE.
 18. The method of claim 15, wherein thereference resource block is a highest resource block of the resourceallocation of the UE.
 19. The method claim 15, wherein the resourceallocation comprises all PRBs scheduled for the UE in a slot.
 20. Themethod of claim 15, wherein the resource allocation comprises aconfigured bandwidth part for the UE.
 21. The method of claim 12,wherein the reference resource block is a cell-specific referenceresource block.
 22. The method of claim 12, wherein the referenceresource block is a UE-specific reference resource block.